Eye Allergy

Eye allergies, also known as allergic conjunctivitis, occur when the eyes react to allergens such as pollen, dust, pet dander, or mold. These allergens trigger an immune response that causes the eyes to become red, itchy, watery, and swollen. Eye allergies can be seasonal, occurring mainly during specific times of the year when certain pollens are present, or perennial, affecting individuals year-round due to exposure to indoor allergens like dust mites or mold spores.

Common symptoms of eye allergies include itching, redness, tearing, burning sensations, and swelling of the eyelids. Some individuals may also experience sensitivity to light or a feeling of grittiness in the eyes. Although these symptoms are usually not dangerous, they can cause significant discomfort and interfere with daily activities. Severe cases may sometimes mimic other eye conditions, so proper diagnosis is essential.

Eye allergies can be diagnosed based on the patient's medical history, symptoms, and allergy testing. An allergist or ophthalmologist may perform tests such as a skin prick test or blood test to identify specific allergens. In some cases, the diagnosis may be confirmed through an eye examination to rule out other conditions like infections or dry eye syndrome, which can have similar symptoms.

Treatment for eye allergies involves avoiding exposure to allergens whenever possible and using medications to manage symptoms. Over-the-counter or prescription antihistamine eye drops, decongestants, or mast cell stabilizers can provide relief. In severe cases, corticosteroid eye drops may be recommended for short-term use. Additionally, keeping windows closed during high pollen seasons, using air filters, and maintaining good indoor hygiene can help minimize exposure to allergens.

Living with eye allergies requires a proactive approach to minimize flare-ups and maintain eye health. Wearing sunglasses outdoors can help protect the eyes from allergens, while regularly washing hands and avoiding rubbing the eyes can reduce irritation. Working closely with an eye care professional can ensure effective management of symptoms, allowing individuals to stay comfortable and enjoy a better quality of life.