Bronchitis

Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction that occurs when the immune system overreacts to airborne substances such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, or pet dander. These allergens trigger inflammation in the nasal passages, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itching, and watery eyes. The condition can be seasonal, typically occurring during certain times of the year when pollen levels are high, or perennial, present throughout the year due to indoor allergens.

The primary cause of allergic rhinitis is exposure to allergens that stimulate an immune response in sensitive individuals. When a person with allergic rhinitis encounters an allergen, their immune system releases histamine and other chemicals that cause the characteristic symptoms. Risk factors for developing the condition include a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema, as well as living in environments with high allergen exposure.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis can range from mild to severe and often include sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, itching in the nose or throat, and red, itchy eyes. In some cases, symptoms may also affect sleep quality, leading to fatigue, irritability, and decreased concentration. The condition can worsen asthma symptoms in individuals who have both asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Treatment for allergic rhinitis aims to relieve symptoms and reduce exposure to allergens. Common treatment options include antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, and leukotriene receptor antagonists. For individuals who do not respond well to these medications, immunotherapy (allergy shots) may be recommended to help the body build tolerance to specific allergens over time. Avoiding known triggers, using air purifiers, and keeping indoor environments clean can also help minimize symptoms.

Managing allergic rhinitis involves understanding the condition and taking proactive steps to reduce exposure to allergens. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare professional can help tailor the treatment plan as needed. Lifestyle changes, such as using protective measures during high pollen seasons and maintaining a clean living environment, can significantly improve quality of life for those affected by allergic rhinitis.